Psychology 446 Reading Lists
These lists of references
are provided to assist students preparing seminar topics.
The lists are not exhaustive
but should give you a good start on the literature!
List 1. Suggestibility of Human Memory for Events
Bekerian, D. & Bowers, J. (1983).
Eyewitness testimony: Were we misled? Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
Cognition, 19, 139-145.
Bowers, J. & Bekerian, D. (1984). When will postevent information
distort eyewitness testimony? Journal
of Applied Psychology, 69, 466-472.
Lindsay, D. S. (1994). Memory source monitoring and eyewitness
testimony. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read,
& M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and
developments, pp 27-55.
Clifford, B. & Scott, J. (1978). Individual and situational factors
in eyewitness testimony. Journal of Applied Psychology,
63, 352-359.
Lipton, J. (1977) On the psychology of eyewitness testimony. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 62, 90-95.
Loftus, E.F. (1974).
Reconstructing memory: The incredible eyewitness. Psychology Today, 8, 116-119.
McCloskey, M. & Zaragoza, M. (1985). Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory
impairment hypotheses. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 1-16.
Miller, D. & Loftus, E. (1976).
Influencing memory for people and their actions. Bulletin of Psychonomic
Society, 7, 9-11.
Powers, P., Andriks, J. & Loftus, E. (1979). Eyewitness accounts of females and males. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64,
339-347.
Read, J., Barnsley, R., Ankers, K. & Wishaw, I. (1978). Variations in severity of verbs and
eyewitnesses' testimony: An alternative
interpretation. Perceptual and
Motor Skills, 46, 795-800.
Smith, V. & Ellsworth, P. (1987).
The social psychology of eyewitness accuracy: Misleading questions and
communicator expertise. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 72, 294-300.
Weingardt, K. R., Toland, H. K., & Loftus, E. F. (1994). Reports of
suggested memories: Do people truly believe them? In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read,
& M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony:Current trends and
developments, pp 1-26, New York: Cambridge University Press.
List 2. Repressed/False
Memories
Alpert, J. L. (1997). Unsubstantiated claims of
false memory and essential responsibilities. American Psychologist, 52(9),
987.
Althof, S. E. (1994). A therapist's perspective
on the false memory controversy. Journal
of Sex Education and Therapy, 20(4), 246-254.
Benedict,
J. G., & Donaldson, D. W. (1996). Recovered memories threaten all. Professional Psychology: Research
and Practice. 27(5), 427-428.
Bremner, J. D., Krystal, J. H., Charney, D. S.,
& Southwick, S. M. (1996). Neural mechanisms in dissociative amnesia for
childhood abuse: Relevance to the current controversy surrounding the
"false memory syndrome." American Journal of Psychiatry, 153,
71-82.
Bremner, J. D., Krystal, J. H., Southwick, S.
M., & Charney, D. S. (1995). Functional neuroanatomical correlates of the
effects of stress on memory. Journal
of Traumatic Stress, 8(4), 527-553.
Byrne, P. & Sheppard, N. (1995). Allegations
of child sexual abuse: Delayed reporting and false memory. Irish Journal of
Psychological Medicine, 12(3), 103-106.
Critchlow,
S. (1998). False memory syndrome--Balancing the evidence for and against. Irish
Journal of Psychological Medicine. 15(3), 113.
de Rivera, J. (1997). Estimating the number of
false memory syndrome cases.
American Psychologist,
52(9), 996-997.
de Rivera, J. (1997). The construction of false
memory syndrome: The experience of retractors. Psychological Inquiry, 8(4),
271-292.
Dittburner, T., & Persinger, M. A. (1993).
Intensity of amnesia during hypnosis is positively correlated with estimated
prevalence of sexual abuse and alien abductions: Implications for the False
Memory Syndrome. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 77(3), 895-898.
Enns, C. Z. (1996). Counselors and the backlash:
"Rape hype" and "false-memory syndrome." Journal of
Counseling and Development, 74(4), 358-367.
Enns, C. Z., McNeilly, C. L., Corkery, J. M.,
& Gilbert, M. S. (1995). The debate about delayed memories of child sexual
abuse: A feminist perspective. Counseling Psychologist, 23(2),
181-279.
Freyd, P. (1997). Defaming one's own profession.
American Psychologist, 52(9), 987-988.
Friedman, S. (1997). On the
"true-false" memory syndrome: The problem of clinical evidence. American
Journal of Psychotherapy, 51(1), 102-122.
Garneau, Y. (1996). "Adult recovered
memories of childhood sexual abuse:" Reply. Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, 41(10), 666.
Gleaves, D. H. & Freyd, J J. (1997).
Questioning additional claims about the false memory syndrome epidemic. American
Psychologist, 52(9), 993-994.
Gold, S. N. (1997). False memory syndrome: A
false dichotomy between science and practice. American Psychologist, 52(9),
988-989.
Gudjonsson, G. H. (1997). False memory syndrome
and the retractors: Methodological and theoretical issues. Psychological
Inquiry, 8(4), 296-299.
Holdsworth,
L. (1998). Is it repressed memory with delayed recall or is it false memory
syndrome? The controversy and its potential legal implications.
Law-and-Psychology-Review. 22, 103-129.
Holmes,
J. (1996). Psychotherapy and memory: An attachment perspective. British
Journal of Psychotherapy. 13(2), 204-218.
Hovdestad,
W. E., & Kristiansen, C. M. (1996). A field study of "false memory
syndrome": Construct validity and incidence. Journal of Psychiatry and
Law. 24(2), 299-338.
Kassin, S. M. (1997). False memories turned
against the self. Psychological Inquiry, 8(4), 300-302.
Keystone, M. (1996). "Adult recovered
memories of childhood sexual abuse:" Comment. Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, 41(10), 665-666.
Kihlstrom, J. F. (1997). Memory, abuse, and
science. American Psychologist, 52(9), 994-995.
Lindsay, D. S. (1995). Beyond backlash: Comments
on Enns, McNeilly, Corkery, and Gilbert. Counseling Psychologist, 23(2),
280-289.
Lindsay,
D. S., Memon, A., Poole, D. A., & Bull, R. (1996). Rejoinder to Pope's
(1995) comments regarding Poole, Lindsay, Memon, and Bull (1995). Clinical
Psychology: Science and Practice. 3(4), 363-365.
Lindsay,
D. S. & Poole, D. A. (1998). The Poole et al. (1995) surveys of therapists:
Misinterpretations by both sides of the recovered memories controversy. Journal
of Psychiatry and Law, 26(3), 383-399.
McElroy, S. L. & Keck, P. E. (1995).
Recovered memory therapy: False memory syndrome and other complications. Psychiatric
Annals, 25(12), 731-735.
Merskey, H. (1995). Multiple personality
disorder and false memory syndrome. British
Journal of Psychiatry, 166(3), 281-283.
Milne, G. (1995). Repressed memories sometimes a
minefield. Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 23(2),
158-165.
Olio, K. A., & Cornell, W. F. (1994). Making
meaning not monsters: Reflections on the delayed memory controversy. Journal
of Child Sexual Abuse, 3(3), 77-94.
Pendergrast, M. (1997). Memo to Pope: Ask the
real questions, please. American Psychologist, 52(9), 989-990.
Persinger, M. A. (1994). Elicitation of
"childhood memories" in hypnosis-like settings is associated with
complex partial epileptic-like signs for women but not for men: Implications
for the False Memory Syndrome. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78(2), 643-651.
Poole,
D. A. & Lindsay, D. S. (1998). Uses and abuses of Poole, Lindsay, Memon,
and Bull's (1995) data. American-Psychologist, 53(6), 681-682.
Poole,
D. A., Lindsay, D. S., Memon, A., & Bull, R. (1997). Did Pope (1996) read a
different Poole, Lindsay, Memon, and Bull (1995)? American Psychologist, 52(9),
990-993.
Poole,
D. A., Lindsay, D. S., Memon, A., & Bull, R. (1995). Psychotherapy and the
recovery of memories of childhood sexual abuse: U.S. and British practitioners'
opinions, practices, and experiences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 63(3), 426-437.
Pope, K. S. (1996). Memory, abuse, and science:
Questioning claims about the False Memory Syndrome epidemic. American
Psychologist, 51(9), 957-974.
Pope, K. S. (1997). "Memory, abuse, and
science: Questioning claims about the false memory syndrome epidemic":
Correction. American Psychologist, 52(9), 1006.
Pope, K. S. (1997). Science as careful
questioning: Are claims of a false memory syndrome epidemic based on empirical
evidence? American Psychologist, 52(9), 997-1006.
Porter, L. S. & Lane, R. C. (1996).
Iatrogenic creation of false childhood sexual abuse memories: Controversy,
dynamics, fantasy, and reality. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 26(1),
23-42.
Saakvitne, K. W., Pratt, A. C., & Pearlman,
L. A. (1997). Under the mantle of science. American Psychologist, 52(9),
997.
Spiegel, D. (1997). Memories: True and false. American
Psychologist, 52(9), 995-996.
Tetford, I. & Schuller, R. A. (1996). Mock
jurors' evaluations of child sexual abuse: The impact of memory recovery and
therapeutic intervention. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 14(2),
205-218.
Williams,
M. R. (1996). Suits by adults for childhood sexual abuse: Legal origins of the
"repressed memory" controversy. Journal of Psychiatry and Law.
24(2), 207-228.
Zaragoza, M. S. &
Mitchell, K. J. (1995). Empirical psychology and the repressed memory debate:
Current status and future directions. Consciousness and Cognition: An
International Journal, 4(1), 116-119.
List 3. Question Style
Bringmann,
M. W., Tyler, K. E., McAhren, P. E., & Bringmann, W. G. (1989). A
successful and unsuccessful replication of William Stern's eyewitness research.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 69, 619-625.
Dale,
P. S., Loftus, E. F., & Rathbun, L. (1978). The influence of the form of
the question on the eyewitness testimony of preschool children. Journal of
Psycholinguistic Research, 7, 269-277.
Dunning,
D., & Stern, L. B. (1992). Examining the generality of eyewitness
hypermnesia: A close look at time delay and question type. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 6, 643-657.
Lipscomb,
T. J., McAllister, H. A., & Bregman, N. J. (1985). Bias in eyewitness
accounts: The effects of question format, delay interval, and stimulus
presentation. Journal of Psychology, 119, 207-212.
Loftus, E.F. (1975) Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive
Psychology, 7, 560-672.
Loftus, E.F. & Zanni, G. (1975). Eyewitness testimony: The influence
of the wording of a question. Bulletin of the Psychonomic
Society, 5, 86-88.
Marquis, K., Marshall, J., & Oskamp, S. (1972). Testimony validity as a function of question
form, atmosphere, and item difficulty. Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 2, 167-186.
Morris,
V., & Morris, P. E. (1985). The influence of question order on eyewitness
accuracy. British Journal of Psychology, 76, 365-371.
Poole,
D. A., & White, L. T. (1991). Effects of question repetition on the
eyewitness testimony of children and adults. Developmental Psychology, 27,
975-986.
Poole,
D. A., & White, L. T. (1993). Two years later: Effect of question
repetition and retention interval on the eyewitness testimony of children and
adults. Developmental Psychology, 29, 844-853.
Read, J., Barnsley, R., Ankers, K. & Wishaw, I. (1978). Variations in severity of verbs and
eyewitnesses' testimony: An alternative interpretation. Perceptual and Motor Skills,
46, 795-800.
Read,
J. D., & Bruce, D. (1984). On the external validity of questioning effects
in eyewitness testimony. International Review of Applied Psychology, 33, 33-49.
Snee, T. & Lush, D. (1941). Interaction of the narrative and
interrogatory methods of obtaining testimony.
Journal of Psychology, 11, 229-236.
List 4. Hypnosis
and Eyewitness Memory
Dywan,
J. (1998). Toward a neurophysiological model of hypnotic memory effects. American
Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 40(3), 217-230.
Gibson,
H. B. (1995). A further case of the misuse of hypnosis in a police
investigation. Contemporary Hypnosis, 12(2), 81-86.
Kebbell,
M. R. & Wagstaff, G. F. (1997). An investigation into the influence of
hypnosis on the confidence and accuracy of eyewitness recall. Contemporary
Hypnosis, 14(3), 157-166.
Kroger, W.S. & Douce, R.G. (1979). Hypnosis in criminal
investigation. International Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Hypnosis, 27, 358-374.
Loftus, E.F. & Loftus, G.R. (1980).
On the permanence of stored information in the human brain. American
Psychologist, 35, 409-420.
Martin-Miller,
C. & Fremouw, W. J. (1995). Improving the accuracy of adult eyewitness
testimony: Implications for children. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(7),
631-645.
Newman,
A. W. & Thompson, J. W. Jr. (1999). Constitutional rights and hypnotically
elicited testimony. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the
Law, 27(1), 149-154.
Orne, M.T. (1979). The use and
misuse of hypnosis in court. International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 27, 311-341.
Putnam, B. (1979). Some
precautions regarding the use of hypnosis in criminal investigations. Police Chief, May, 62-64.
Putnam, W.H. (1979). Hypnosis
and distortions in eyewitness memory. International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,
27, 437-448.
Ready,
D. J., Bothwell, R. K., & Brigham, J. C. (1997). The effects of hypnosis,
context reinstatement, and anxiety on eyewitness memory. International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 45(1), 55-68.
Sanders, G. & Simmons, W. (1983).
Use of hypnosis to enhance eyewitness accuracy: Does it work? Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 70-77.
Sheehan, P.W. & Tilden, J. (1983). Effects of suggestibility and
hypnosis on accurate and distorted retrieval from memory. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Learning, Memory
and Cognition, 9, 283-293.
Scheflin, A. W. (1994).
Forensic hypnosis: Unanswered questions. Australian Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Hypnosis, 22(1), 25-37.
Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. Resolution (adopted October 1978).
(1979). International Journal
of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 27,
452.
Stalnaker, J.M. & Riddle, E.E.
(1932). The effect of hypnosis
on long-delayed memory. Journal of
General Psychology, 6,
429-440.
Worthington, T.S. (1979). The
use in court of hypnotically enhanced testimony. International Journal of Clinical and
Experimental Hypnosis, 27,
402-416.
Yuille, J. & McEwan, N. (1985).
Use of hypnosis as an aid to eyewitness memory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70,
389-400.
Zelig, M., & Beidleman, W.B.
(1981). The investigative use of
hypnosis: A word of caution. International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,
29, 401-412.
List 5. Cognitive
Interview
Fisher, R.P. (1986). Client
memory enhancement with the cognitive interview. Florida Bar Journal, 60, 53-56.
Fisher, R. P., Geiselman, R. E., & Amador, M. (1989). Field test of the cognitive interview:
Enhancing the recollection of the actual victims and witnesses of crime. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 74, 722-272.
Fisher, R. P., Geiselman, R. E., & Raymond, D.S. (1987). Critical analysis of police interview
techniques. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15,
177-185.
Fisher, R. P., Geiselman, R. E., Raymond, D.S., Jurkevich, L. M., &
Warhaftig, M. L. (1987). Enhancing
enhanced eyewitness memory: Refining the cognitive interview. Journal of
Police Science and Administration, 15, 291-297.
Fisher, R. P., McCauley, M. R., & Geiselman, R. E. (1994). Improving
eyewitness testimony with the cognitive interview. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read,
& M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and
developments, pp 245-269, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Geiselman, R. E., Fisher, R. P., MacKinnon, D., & Holland, H.
(1985). Eyewitness memory enhancement
in the police interview: Cognitive retrieval mnemonics versus hypnosis. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 70, 401-412.
Geiselman, R. E., Fisher, R. P., MacKinnon, D., & Holland, H.
(1986). Enhancement of eyewitness
memory with the cognitive interview. American Journal of Psychology, 99,
385-401.
Geiselman, R. E., & Jesus, P. (1988). Cognitive interviewing with child witnesses. Journal of Police
Science and Administration, 16, 236-242.
George, R.,
& Clifford, B. R. (1992). Making the most of witnesses. Policing, 8,
185-198.
Kohnken, G.,
Milne, R., Memon, A., & Bull, R. (1999). The cognitive interview: A
meta-analysis. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 5, 3-27.
List 6. Criteria-Based Content Analysis
Anson,
D. A., Golding, S. L., & Gully, K. J. (1993). Child sexual abuse
allegations: Reliability of criteria-based content analysis. Law and Human
Behavior, 17, 331-341.
Craig,
R. A., Scheibe, R., Raskin, D. C., Kircher, J. C., & Dodd, D. H. (1999).
Interviewer questions and content analysis of children's statements of sexual
abuse. Applied Developmental Science, 3(2), 77-85.
Dent, H.R., & Stephenson, G.M. (1979). An experimental study of the effectiveness of different
techniques of questioning child witnesses. British Journal of Social and
Clinical Psychology, 18, 41-51.
Doris,
J. (1994). Commentary on criteria-based content analysis. Journal of Applied
Developmental Psychology, 15, 281-285.
Horowitz,
S. W. (1991). Empirical support for statement validity assessment. Behavioral
Assessment, 13, 293-313.
Horowitz,
S. W. (1998). Reliability of criteria-based content analysis of child witness
statements: Response to Tully. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3,
189-191.
Horowitz,
S. W., Lamb, M. E., Esplin, P. W., Boychuk, T. D., Krispin, O., &
Reiter-Lavery, L. (1997). Reliability of criteria-based content analysis of
child witness statements. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 2,
11-21.
Koehnken,
G., Schimossek, E., Aschermann, E., Hoefer, E. (1995). The cognitive interview
and the assessment of the credibility of adults' statements. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 80, 671-684.
Lamb,
M. E. (1998). Mea culpa but caveat emptor! Response to Tully. Legal and
Criminological Psychology, 3, 193-194.
Lamers-Winkelman,
F., & Buffing, F. (1996). Children's testimony in the Netherlands: A study
of statement validity analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23,
304-321.
Landry,
K. L., & Brigham, J. C. (1992). The effect of training in criteria-based
content analysis on the ability to detect deception in adults. Law and Human
Behavior, 16, 663-676.
Raskin,
D. C., & Esplin, P. W. (1991). Statement validity assessment: Interview
procedures and content analysis of children's statements of sexual abuse. Behavioral
Assessment, 13, 265-291.
Ruby,
C. L., & Brigham, J. C. (1997). The usefulness of the criteria-based
content analysis technique in distinguishing between truthful and fabricated
allegations: A critical review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 3,
705-737.
Ruby,
C. L., & Brigham, J. C. (1998). Can criteria-based content analysis
distinguish between true and false statements of African-American speakers? Law
and Human Behavior, 22(4), 369-388.
Tully,
B. (1998). Reliability of criteria-based content analysis of child witness
statements: Cohen's kappa doesn't matter. Legal and Criminological
Psychology, 3, 183-188.
Undeutsch, U. (1989). The
development of statement reality analysis.
In J.C. Yuille (Ed.), Creditility assessment (pp. 101-119). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
Wegener, H. (1989). The present
state of statement analysis. In J.C.
Yuille (Ed.), Creditility assessment (pp. 121-133). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
Yuille, J.C. (1988). The
systematic assessment of children's testimony.
Canadian Psychology, 29, 247-262.
List 7. Finding Suspects with Descriptions
Christiaansen, R.E., Sweeney, J.D., & Ochalek, K. (1983). Influencing eyewitness descriptions. Law and Human Behavior, 7,
59-65.
Christie, D.F.M., & Ellis, H.D. (1981). Photofit constructions versus verbal descriptions of faces. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,
358-363.
Ellis, H.D. Deregowski, J.B., & Shepherd, J.W. (1975). Descriptions of white and black faces by
white and black subjects. International
Journal of Psychology, 10, 119-123.
Flin, R.H., & Shepherd, J.W. (1986). Tall stories: Eyewitnesses' ability to estimate height and weight
characteristics. Human Learning, 5, 29-38.
Goldstein, A.G., Johnson, K.S., & Chance, J.E. (1979). Does fluency of face description imply
superior face recognition? Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 13,
15-18.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Nosworthy, G.J., Martin, R.R., & Martynuck, C.
(1994). Finding suspects in mugshots. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 79, 121-130.
Pigott, M., & Brigham, J. C. (1985). Relationship between accuracy of prior description and facial
recognition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 547-555.
Pigott, M. A., Brigham, J.C., & Bothwell, R.K. (1990). A field study on the relationship between
quality of eyewitnesses' descriptions and identification accuracy. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 17, 84-88.
Schooler, J., Foster, A., & Loftus, E. (1988). Some deleterious consequences of the act of
recollection. Memory and Cognition,
16 (3), 243-251.
Wells, G. L. (1985). Verbal
descriptions of faces from memory: Are they diagnositc of identification
accuracy? Journal of Applied
Psychology, 70, 619-626.
List 8. Finding Suspects with Mugshots
Brigham, J.C. & Cairns, D.L. (1988). The effect of mugshot inspections on eyewitness identification
accuracy. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 18, 1394-1410.
Brown, E., Deffenbacher, K., & Sturgill, W. (1977). Memory for faces and the circumstances of
encounter. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 62, 311-318.
Davies, G.M., Shepherd, J., & Ellis, H. (1979). Effects of interpolated mugshot exposure on
accuracy of eyewitness identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64,
232-237.
Ellis, H.D., Shepherd, J., Flin, R.H., & Davies, G.M. (1989). Identification from a computer-driven
retrieval system compared with a traditional mug-shot album search: A new tool
for police investigation. Ergonomics, 32, 167-177.
Gorenstein, G. W., & Ellsworth, P.C. (1980). Effect of choosing an incorrect photograph
on a later identification by an eyewitness. Journal of Applied Psychology,
65, 616-177.
Laughery, K.R., Alexander, T., & Lane, A. (1971). Recognition of human faces: Effects of
target exposure time, target position and type of photograph. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55,
477-483.
Lenorovitz, D.R., & Laughery, K.R. (1984). A witness-computer interactive system for searching mug
files. In G.L. Wells and E.F. Loftus
(Eds.), Eyewitness Testimony, (pp. 38-63). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Nosworthy, G.J., Martin, R.R., & Martynuck, C.
(1994). Using mugshots to find
suspects. Journal of Applied
Psychology, in press.
Pryke,
S., Lindsay, R. C. L., & Pozzulo, J. D. (1999). Sorting mug shots:
Methodological issues. Applied Cognitive Psychology, in press (in
readings package).
Shepherd, J. W. & Ellis, H. D. (1996). Face recall: Methods and
problems. In Sporer, S., & Koehnken, G. (Eds).
List 9. Finding Suspects with Composite Faces
Christie, D.F.M., Davies, G.M., Shepherd, J.W. & Ellis, H.D.
(1981). Evaluating a new computer-based
system for face recall. Law &
Human Behaviour, 5, 209-218.
Christie, D. & Ellis, H. (1981).
Photofit constructions versus verbal descriptions of faces. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,
358-363.
Comish, S. (1987). Recognition
of facial stimuli following an intervening task involving the identi-kit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72,
488-492.
Cutler, B.L., Stocklein, C.J., & Penrod, S.D. (1988). Empirical examination of a computerized
facial composite production system. Forensic Reports, 1, 207-218.
Davies, G.M., & Christie, D. (1982). Face recall: An examination of some factors limiting composite
production accuracy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 103-109.
Davies,
G., & Milne, A. (1985). Eyewitness composite production: A function of
mental or physical reinstatement of context. Criminal Justice and Behavior,
12, 209-220.
Davies,
G., Milne, A., & Shepherd, J. (1983). Searching for operator skills in face
composite reproduction. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 11,
405-409.
Ellis, H.D., Shepherd, J.W., Flin, R.H., & Davies, G.M. (1989).
Identification from a computer-driven retrieval system compared with a
traditional mug-shot album search: A new tool for police investigation. Ergonomics,
32, 167-177.
Goldstein,
A. G., Chance, J. E., & Schneller, G. R. (1989). Frequency of eyewitness
identification in criminal cases: A survey of prosecutors. Bulletin of the
Psychonomic Society, 27, 71-74.
Green, D.L. & Geiselman, R.E. (1989). Building composite facial images: Effects of feature saliency and
delay of construction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74,
714-721.
Jenkins, F., & Davies, G. (1985).
Contamination of facial memory through exposure to misleading composite
pictures. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 70, 164-176.
Koehn,
C. E., & Fisher, R. P. (1997). Constructing facial composites with the
Mac-A-Mug Pro system. Psychology, Crime and Law, 3, 209-218.
Kovera,
M. B., Penrod, S. D., Pappas, C., & Thill, D. L. (1997). Identification of
computer-generated facial composites. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82,
235-246.
Laughery, K. & Fowler, R. (1980).
Sketch artist and identi-kit procedures for recalling faces. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65,
307-316.
Mauldin, M. & Laughery, K. (1981).
Composite production effects on subsequent facial recognition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,
351-357.
McNeil, J.E., Wray, J.L., Hibler, N.S., Foster, W.D., Rhyne, C.E., &
Thibault, R. (1987). Hypnosis and
identi-kit: A study to determine the effect of using hypnosis in conjunction
with the making of identi-kit composites.
Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15, 63-67.
Wogalter,
M. S., & Marwitz, D. B. (1991). Face composite construction: In-view and
from-memory quality and improvement with practice. Ergonomics, 34,
459-468.
Yu,
C. J., & Geiselman, R. E. (1993). Effects of constructing Identi-kit
composites on photospread identification performance. Criminal Justice and
Behavior, 20, 280-292.
List 10. Theory of Lineup Identification
Connors, E., Lundregan, T., Miller, N. & McEwan,
T. (1996). Convicted by juries, exonerated by science: Case studies in the
use of DNA evidence to establish innocence after trial. Alexandria, VA:
National Institute of Justice.
Doob, A. N. & Kirshenbaum, H.M. (1973). Bias in police lineups - partial remembering. Journal of
Police Science & Administration, 1, 287-293.
Luus, C.A.E., & Wells, G.L. (1991).
Eyewitness identification and the selection of distracters for lineups. Law
and Human Behavior, 15, 43-57.
Malpass, R. (1981). Effective
size and defendant bias in eyewitness identification lineups. Law and Human Behavior, 5,
299-309.
Wells, G.L. (1988). Eyewitnesss identification. Toronto: Carswell.
Wells, G.L. (1993). What do we know about eyewitness identification? American
Psychologist, 48, 553-571.
Wells, G.L., Leippe, M.R., & Ostrom, T.M. (1979). Guidelines for empirically assessing the
fairness of a lineup. Law and Human
Behavior, 3, 285-293.
Wells, G.L. & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1980). On estimating the diagnosticity of eyewitness nonidentifications.
Psychological Bulletin, 88, 776-784.
Wells, G.L., & Turtle, J.W. (1986).
Eyewitness identification: The importance of lineup models. Psychological Bulletin, 99,
320-329.
*Note:You should read the papers
from lists 10, 11, 12, and 13 to fully understand lineup issues.
List 11. Lineup Biases
Brigham, J. C., & Ready, D. J. (1985). Own-race
bias in lineup construction. Law and Human Behavior, 9, 415-424.
Buckhout, R., Figueroa, D. & Hoff, E. (1975). Eyewitness identification: Effects of suggestion & bias in identification
from photographs. Bulletin of the
psychonomic Society, 6,
71-74.
Buckhout, R., Alper, A., Chern, S., Silverberg, G. & Slomovits, M.
(1974). Determinants of eyewitness
performance on a lineup. Bulletin of
the Psychonomic Society, 4,
191-192.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Wallbridge, H., & Drennan, D. (1987). Do the clothes make the man? Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science,
19, 463-478.
Lindsay, R.C.L. & Wells, G.L. (1980). What price justice? Exploring the relationship of lineup
fairness to identification accuracy. Law
& Human Behavior, 4,
303-313.
Loftus, E.F. (1976). Unconscious
transference in eyewitness identification. Law and Psychology Review, 2,
93-98.
Malpass, R.S. & Devine, P.G. (1981). Eyewitness identification.
Lineup instructions & the absence of the offender. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 482-489.
Malpass, R. & Devine, P. (1984).
Research on suggestion in lineups and photospreads. In G. Wells & E. Loftus (eds.), Eyewitness
testimony: Psychological perspectives. New York:
Cambridge University Press, pp. 64-91.
Nosworthy, G.J. & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1990). Does nominal lineup size matter? Journal of Applied Psychology,
75, 358-361.
*Note:You should read the papers
from lists 10, 11, 12, and 13 to fully understand lineup issues.
12. Measuring
Lineup Fairness
Brigham, J. C. & Brandt, C. C. (1992). Measuring
lineup fairness: Mock witness responses vs. direct evaluations of lineups. Law
and Human Behavior, 16, 475-489.
Brigham, J. C., Meissner, C. A., & Wasserman, A. W. (1999). Applied
issues in the construction and expert assessment of photo lineups. Applied
Cognitive Psychology,.
Corey, D., Malpass, R. S., & McQuiston, D. E. (1999). Parallelism
in eyewitness and mock witness identifications. Applied Cognitive Psychology,.
Doob, A. N. & Kirshenbaum, H. M. (1973). Bias in
police lineups - partial remembering. Journal of Police Science and
Administration, 1, 287-293.
Levi, A. (1999). An honorable discharge for lineup fairness
measurement. Applied Cognitive Psychology,.
Lindsay, R. C. L., Ross, D. F., Smith, S. M., &
Flanigan, S. (1999). Does race influence measures of lineup fairness? Applied
Cognitive Psychology, this volume.
Lindsay, R. C. L., Smith, S. M., & Pryke, S.
(1999). Measures of lineup fairness: Do they postdict identification accuracy? Applied
Cognitive Psychology, this volume.
Malpass, R. S. (1981). Effective size and defendant
bias in eyewitness identification lineups. Law and Human Behavior, 5,
299-309.
Malpass, R. S. & Devine, P. G. (1983). Measuring
the fairness of eyewitness identification lineups. In S. M. A. Lloyd-Bostock
& B. R. Clifford (Eds), Evaluating witness evidence (pp. 81-102).
Chichester, England: Wiley.
Malpass, R. S., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (1999). Measuring lineup
fairness. Applied Cognitive Psychology,.
Tredoux, C. (1998). Statistical inference on
measures of lineup fairness. Law and Human Behavior, 22, 217-237.
Tredoux, C. (1999). Statistical inference on measures of lineup
fairness. Applied Cognitive Psychology,.
Valentine, T. & Heaton, P. (1999). An evaluation of the fairness of
police line-ups and video identifications. Applied Cognitive Psychology,.
Wells
G. L. & Bradfield, A. L. (1999). Measuring the goodness of lineups.
Parameter estimation, question effects, and limits to the mock witness paradigm.
Applied Cognitive Psychology,.
Wells, G. L., Leippe, M. R., & Ostrom, T. M.
(1979). Guidelines for empirically assessing the fairness of a lineup. Law
and Human Behavior, 3, 285-293.
Wogalter, M. S., Malpass, R. S., & Berger, M. A.
(1993, Sept.). How police officers construct lineups: A national survey. Proceedings
of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, pp 640-644. Santa Monica, CA:
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
List 13. Improving Identification from Lineups
Cutler, B., Penrod, S., & Martens, T. (1987). Improving the reliability of eyewitness
identification: Putting context into
context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 629-637.
Cutler, B. & Penrod, S. (1988). Improving the reliability of
eyewitness identification: Lineup construction and presentation. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 73, 281-290.
Levi, A. M. (1998). Protecting innocent defendants,
nailing the guilty: A modified sequential lineup. Applied Cognitive
Psychology, 12, 265-275.
Lindsay,
R. C. L., & Bellinger, K. (1999). Alternatives to the sequential lineup:
The importance of controlling the pictures. Journal of Applied Psychology,
84, 315-321.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Lea, J., & Fulford, J. (1991). Sequential lineup
presentation: Technique matters. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76,
741-745.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Lea, J.A., Nosworthy, G.J., Fulford, J.A., Hector, J.,
LeVan, V., & Seabrook, C. (1991). Biased lineups: Sequential presentation
reduces the problem. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 796-802.
Lindsay, R.C.L. & Wells, G.L. (1985). Improving eyewitness identification from lineups: Simultaneous
versus sequential lineup presentation. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 70, 556-564.
Malpass, R. & Devine, P. (1981). Guided memory in eyewitness
identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 343-350.
Wells, G. (1984). The psychology of lineup identifications. Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 14, 89-103.
*Note:You should read the papers
from lists 10, 11, 12, and 13 to fully understand lineup issues.
List 14. Eyewitness Memory for Faces: In General
Brigham, J., Maass, A., Snyder, L. & Spaulding, K. (1982). Accuracy of eyewitness identifications in a
field setting. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 42,
673-681.
Buckhout, R. (1974). Eyewitness
testimony. Scientific American, 231, 23-31.
Clifford, B.R. & Hollin, C.R. (1981). Effects of type of incident
& number of perpetrators on eyewitness memory. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 66, 364-370.
Courtois, M., & Mueller, J. (1981).
Target and distractor typicality in facial recognition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,
639-645.
Egan, D., Pittner, M. & Goldstein, A. (1977). Eyewitness
identification: Photographs vs. live models.
Law and Human Behavior, 1, 199-206.
Gorenstein, G. & Ellsworth, P. (1980). Effect of choosing an
incorrect photograph on a later identification by an eyewitness. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 65, 616-622.
Hilgendorff, E.L. & Irving, B.L. (1978). False positive
identification. Medicine, Science & the Law, 18, 255-262.
Hosch, H.M. & Cooper, D.S. (1982). Victimization as a determinant of
eyewitness accuracy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 649-652.
Hosch, H., Leippe, M., Marchioni, P., & Cooper, D. (1984).
Victimization, self-monitoring, and eyewitness identification. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 69, 280-288.
Lieppe, M., Wells, G. & Ostrom, T. (1978). Crime seriousness as a
determinent of accuracy in eyewitness identification. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 63, 345-351.
Loftus, E.F. (1976). Unconscious transference in eyewitness identification.
Law & Psychology Review, 2, 93-98.
Patterson, K. & Baddeley, A. (1977). When face recognition fails. Journal
of Experimental Psychology: Human
Learning & Memory, 3, 283-293.
Yarmey, D. (1986). Verbal, visual, and voice identification of a rape
suspect under different levels of illumination. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 71, 363-370.
List 15. Cross-Race Eyewitness Identification
Brigham, J.C. & Barkowitz, P. (1978). Do "they all look alike?" The effect of race, sex, experience & attitudes on the ability
to recognize faces. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 8, 306-318.
Brigham, J. & Ready, D. (1985).
Own-race bias in lineup construction.
Law & Human Behavior, 9, 415-424.
Chance, J., Goldstein, A. & McBride, L. (1975). Differential experience & recognition
memory for faces. Journal of Social
Psychology, 97, 243-253.
Elliott, E.S., Wills, E.J. & Goldstein, A.G. (1973). The effects of discrimination training on
the recognition of white & oriental faces.
Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 71-73.
Galper, R.E. 'Functional race
membership' & recognition of faces.
Perceptual & Motor Skills, 37, 455-462.
Goldstein, A. (1979).
Race-related variation of facial features: Anthropometric data I. Bulletin
of the Psychonomic Society, 13, 187-190.
Goldstein, A. (1979). Facial
feature variation: Anthropometric data II. Bulletin of the Psychonomic
Society, 13, 191-193.
Goldstein, A.G. & Chance, J. (1979). Do foreign faces really look
alike? Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 13, 111-113.
Lavrakas, P.J., Buri, J.R. & Mayzner, M. (1976). A perspective on
the recognition of other-race faces. Perception & Psychophysics, 20,
475-481.
Lindsay, R.C.L. & Wells, G.L. (1983). What do we really know about
cross-race eyewitness identification? In S. Lloyd-Bostock & B. Clifford
(Eds), Evaluating Witness Evidence, Chichester, Engl&: John Wiley & Sons, 219-233.
Luce, T.S. (1974). The role of experience in inter-racial recognition. Personality
& Social Psychology Bulletin, 1, 39-41.
Malpass, R.S. (1974). Racial bias in eyewitness identification? Personality
& Social Psychology Bulletin, 1, 42-44.
Malpass, R.S. & Kravitz, J. (1969). Recognition of faces of own
& other race. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 13,
330-334.
Malpass, R.S., Lavigueur, H. & Weldon, D.E. (1973). Verbal &
visual training in face recognition. Perception & Psychophysics, 14,
285-292.
Ng, W. J., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1994). Cross-race facial recognition:
Failure of the contact hypothesis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
25, 217-232.
Shepherd, J., Derogowski, J. & Ellis, H. (1974). A cross-cultural
study of recognition memory for faces. International Journal of Psychology,
9, 205-211.
List 16. Age: Memory Abilities of
Children
Blaney, R.L., & Winograd, E. (1978). Developmental differences in children's recognition memory for
faces. Developmental Psychology, 14, 441-442.
Carey, S., Diamond, R., & Woods, B. (1980). Development of face recognition - A
maturational component? Developmental Psychology, 16, 257-269.
Ceci, S.J., Ross, D.F., & Toglia, M.P. (1987). Suggestibility of children's memory:
Psycholegal implications. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 38-49.
Cohen, G., & Faulkner, D. (1989).
Age differences in source forgetting: Effects on reality monitoring and
on eyewitness testimony. Psychology
and Aging, 4, 1-8.
Cohen, R.L, & Harnick, M.A. (1980).
The susceptibility of child witnesses to suggestion. Law and Human
Behavior, 4, 201-210.
Dale, P.S., Loftus, E.F., & Rathbun, L. (1978). The influences of the form of the question
on the eyewitness testimony of preschool children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 7, 269-277.
Dent, H.R. (1977). Stress as a
factor influencing person recognition in identification parades. Bulletin of the British Psychological
Society, 30, 339-340.
Dent, H.R., & Stephenson, G.M. (1979). An experimental study of the effectiveness of different
techniques of questioning child witnesses. British Journal of Social and
Clinical Psychology, 18, 41-51.
Ellis, H.D., Shepherd, J. W., & Bruce, A. (1973). The effects age and sex upon adolescents'
recognition of faces. Journal of
Genetic Psychology, 123, 173-174.
Flin, R.H. (1980). Age effects
in children's memory for unfamiliar faces. Developmental Psychology, 16,
373-374.
Goodman, G.S., & Aman, C. (1990).
Children's use of anatomically detailed dolls to recount an event. Child
Development, 61, 1859-1871.
Goodman, G.S., & Reed, R.S. (1986).
Age differences in eyewitness testimony. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 317-332.
Leippe, M. R., Romanczyk, A., & Manion, A.P. (1991). Eyewitness memory for a touching experience:
Accuracy differences between child and adult witnesses. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76,
367-379.
Lindsay, D.S., Johnson, M.K., & Kwon, P. (1991). Developmental changes in memory source
monitoring. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 52,
297-318.
Lindsay, R. C. L., Pozzulo, J. D., Craig, W., Lee, K., & Corber, S.
(1997). Simultaneous lineups,
sequential lineups, and showups: Eyewitness identification Decisions of adults
and children. Law and Human Behavior, 21, 404-411.
List, J.A. (1986). Age and
schematic differences in the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Developmental Psychology, 22,
50-57.
Mann, V., Diamond, R., & Carey, S. (1979). Development of voice recognition: Parallels with face
recognition. Journal of Experimental
Child Psychology, 27, 153-165.
Marin, B.V., Holmes, D.L., Guth, M., & Kovac, P. (1979). The potential of children as eyewitnesses: A
comparison of children and adults on eyewitness tasks. Law and Human Behavior, 3,
295-306.
McIntosh, J.A., & Prinz, R.J. (1993). The incidence of alleged sexual abuse in 603 Family Court
cases. Law and Human Behavior, 17,
95-101.
Morison, P., & Gardner, H. (1978).
Dragons and dinosaurs: The child's capacity to differentiate fantasy
from reality. Child Development,
49, 642-648.
Parker, J.F., & Carranza, L.E. (1989). Eyewitness testimony of children in target-present and
target-absent lineups. Law and Human
Behavior, 13, 133-149.
Parker, J.F., Haverfield, E., & Baker-Thomas, S. (1986). Eyewitness testimony of children. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
16, 287-302.
Parker, J.F., & Ryan, V. (1993).
An attempt to reduce guessing behavior in children's and adults'
eyewitness identifications. Law and
Human Behavior, 17, 11-26.
Warren, A., Hulse-Trotter, K., & Tubbs, E.C. (1991). Inducing resistance to suggestibility in
children. Law and Human Behavior,
15, 273-285.
Whipple, G.M. (1911). The
psychology of testimony. Psychological
Bulletin, 8, 307-309.
Whipple, G.M. (1912). Psychology
of testimony and report. Psychological
Bulletin, 9, 264-269.
Yarmey, A.D. (1984). Age as a
factor in eyewitness memory. In G.L.
Wells and E.F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness Testimony (pp. 142-154). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
List 17. Arousal and Facial Memory
Deffenbacher, K.A. (1983). The
influence of arousal on reliability of testimony. In S.M.A. Lloyd-Bostock & B.R. Clifford (Eds.), Evaluating
witness evidence: Recent psychological research and new perspectives (pp.
235-251). Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Dent, H.R. (1977). Stress as a
factor influencing person recognition in identification parades. Bulletin of British Psychological Society,
30, 339-340.
Hollin, C.R. (1984). Arousal and
eyewitness memory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 58, 266.
Kramer, T. H., Buckhout, R., & Eugenio, P. (1990). Weapon focus, arousal, and eyewitness
memory: Attention must be paid. Law
and Human Behavior, 14, 167-184.
Loftus, E.F., Loftus, G. R., & Messo, J. (1987). Some facts about "weapon
focus". Law and Human Behavior,
11, 55-62.
Maass, A., & Kohnken, G. (1989).
Eyewitness identification: Simulating the "weapon
effect". Law and Human
Behaviour, 13, 397-408.
Peters, D.P. (1988). Eyewitness
memory and arousal in a natural setting.
In M. M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical
aspects of memory: Current research and issues: Vol. 1 Memory in everyday life. (pp. 89-94). Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Polans, A.R. (1985). The effects
of repression-sensitization classification and stress on eyewitness
recall. Bulletin of the Psychonomic
Society, 23, 181-184.
Read, J.D., Yuille, J.C., & Tollestrup, P. (1992). Recollections of a robbery: Effects of
arousal and alcohol upon recall and person identification. Law and Human
Behavior, 16, 425-446.
Steblay, N. M. (1992). A
Meta-analytic review of the weapon focus effect. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 413-424.
Tooley, V., Brigham, J.C., Maass, A., & Bothwell, R.K. (1987). Facial recognition: Weapon effect and attentional
focus. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 17, 845-859.
List 18. Confidence and Accuracy
Bothwell, R., Deffenbacher, K., & Brigham, J. (1987). Correlation of eyewitness accuracy &
confidence: Optimality hypothesis
revisited. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 72, 691-695.
Clifford, B.R. & Scott, J.
Individual & situational factors in eyewitness testimony. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1978, 63, 352-359.
Einhorn, H. & Hogarth, R. (1978).
Confidence in judgement:
Persistence in the illusion of validity. Psychological Review, 85, 395-416.
Koriat, A., Lichtenstein, S. & Fischhoff, B. Reasons for confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 1980, 6,
107-118.
Leippe, M.R. (1980). Effects of integrative memorial & cognitive
processes on the correspondence of eyewitness accuracy & confidence. Law
and Human Behaviour, 4, 261-274.
Lindsay, R.C.L. (1986).
Confidence & accuracy of eyewitness identification from
lineups. Law & Human Behavior,
10, 229-239.
Lipton, J.P. (1977). On the
psychology of eyewitness testimony. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 62, 90-95.
Malpass, R.S. & Devine, P.G. (1981). Eyewitness identification:
Lineup instructions & the absence of the offender. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,
482-489.
Murray, D. M. & Wells, G. L. (1982). Does knowledge that a crime was
staged affect eyewitness accuracy? Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
12, 42-53.
Saunders, G.S. & Warnick, D. (1981). Truth & consequences:
The effect of responsibility on eyewitness behavior. Basic & Applied Social Psychology,
2, 67-79.
Sporer, S.L. (1993). Eyewitness
identification accuracy, confidence, and decision times in simultaneous and
sequential lineups. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 78, (1), 22-33.
Wells, G.L. & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1985). Methodological notes on the accuracy-confidence relation in
eyewitness identifications. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 70, 413-419.
Wells, G. L. & Murray, D. M.
(1983). What can psychology say about
the Neil v. Biggers criteria for judging eyewitness accuracy? Journal of Applied Psychology, 68,
347-362.
Wells, G.L. & Murray, D.M. (1984).
Eyewitness confidence. In G.L.
Wells & E.F. Loftus (Eds), Eyewitness testimony: Psychological
perspectives, pp 155-170. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
*Note:You should read the papers
from lists 10, 11, 12, and 13 to fully understand lineup issues.
List 19. Generalizability of Eyewitness Memory Research
Clifford, B. (1978). A critique
of eyewitness research. In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes
(Eds.), Practical aspects of memory (pp. 199-209). London: Academic Press.
Cutler, B.L., & Penrod, S. D. (1989). Forensically relevant moderators of the relation between
eyewitness identification accuracy and confidence. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 74, 650-652.
Cutler, B.L., Penrod, S.D., & Martens, T.K. (1987). The reliability of eyewitness
identification: The role of system and estimator variables. Law and Human Behavior, 11,
233-258.
Cutshall, J., & Yuillle, J.C. (1989). Field studies of eyewitness memory of actual crimes. In D.C. Raskin (Ed.). Psychological
techniques in law enforcement (pp. 97-124). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Egeth, H.E. & McCloskey, M. (1984).
Expert testimony about eyewitness behavior: Is it safe and effective? In
G. L. Wells & E. F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness testimony: Psychological
perspectives (pp. 283-303). Cambridge:
Cambridge Univ. Press.
Fontenelle, G.A., Phillips, A.P., & Lane, D.M. (1985). Generalizing acorss stimuli as well as
subjects: A neglected aspect of external validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 101-107.
Grano, J.D. (1984). A legal response to the inherent dangers of
eyewitness identification testimony. In
G. L. Wells & E. F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness testimony: Psychological
perspectives (pp. 315-335).
Cambridge: Camrbridge Press.
Konecni, V. J., & Ebbesen, E. B. (1979). External validity of research in legal psychology. Law and Human Behavior, 3,
39-70.
Lindsay, R.C.L., & Harvie, V. (1988). Hits, false alarms, correct and mistaken identifications; The
effects of method of data collection on facial memory. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R.N.
Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues: Vol.
1. Memory in everyday life, (pp. 47-52).
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Loftus, E. F. (1983). Silence is
not golden. American Psychologist,
38, 564-572.
Loftus, E.F. (1983). Whose
shadow is crooked? American Psychologist, 38, 576-577.
McCloskey, M., & Egeth, H. E. (1983). A time to speak, or a time to keep silence? American Psychologist, 38,
573-575.
McCloskey, M., & Egeth, H.E. (1983). Eyewitness identification.
What can a psychologist tell a jury?
American Psychologist, 38, 550-563.
Murray, D.M. & wells, G.L. (1982).
Does knowledge that a crime was staged affect eyewitness performance? Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 12, 42-53.
Navon, D. (1990). How critical
is the accuracy of eyewitness's memory? Another look at the issue of lineup
diagnosticity. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 75, 506-510.
O'Rourke, T.E., Penrod, S.D., Cutler, B.L., & Stuve, T.E.
(1989). The external validity of
eyewitness identification research: Generalizing across subject
populations. Law and Human Behavior,
13, 385-395.
Peters, D. P. (1988). Eyewitness
memory and arousal in a natural setting.
In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical
aspects of memory: Current resarch and issues: Vol. 1. Memory in everyday life. (pp. 89-94). Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Rattner, A. (1988). Convited but
innocent: Wrongful conviction and the criminal justice system. Law and Human Behavior, 12,
283-293.
Sanders, G. S. (1986). On increasing the usefulness of eyewitness
research. Law and Human Behavior, 10, 333-335.
Sanders, G. S., & Warnick, D. H. (1981). Truth and consequences: The effect of responsibility on
eyewitness behavior. Basic and
Applied Social Psychology, 2, 67-79.
Tversky, B., & Tuchin, M. (1989). A reconciliation of the evidence
on eyewitness testimony: Comments on McCloskey and Zaragoza. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 118, 86-91.
Wells, G. L. (1978). Applied
eyewitness-testimony research: System variables and estimator variables. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 36, 1546-1557.
Wells, G. L., & Luus, C. A.E. (1990). The diagnosticity of a lineup should not be confused with the
diagnostic value of nonlineup evidence.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 511-516.
Yuille, J. C. (1980). A critical
examination of the psychological and practical implications of eyewitness
research. Law and Human Behavior, 4, 335-345.
Yuille, J. C., & Cutshall, J. L. (1986). A case study of eyewitness memory of a crime. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 71, 291-301.
List 20. LAY
KNOWLEDGE OF EYEWITNESS ISSUES
Brigham, J.C. & Bothwell, R.K. (1983). The ability of prospective
jurors to estimate the accuracy of eyewitness identifications. Law and Human
Behavior, 7, 19-30.
Deffenbacher, K. A. & Loftus, E. F. (1982). Do jurors share a common
understanding concerning eyewitness behavior? Law and Human Behavior, 6,
15-30.
Lindsay, R. C. L. (1994). Expectations of eyewitness performance:
Jurors’ verdicts do not follow from their beliefs. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read,
& M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony. Cambridge
University Press: New York.
Yarmey, A. D. & Jones, H. P. T. (1983). Is the psychology of
eyewitness identification a matter of common sense? In S. Lloyd-Bostock &
B. R. Clifford (Eds), Evaluating witness evidence. Chichester, England:
John Wiley and Sons.
List 21. Belief of Eyewitness Testimony
Cutler, B.L., Penrod, S.D., & Dexter, H.R. (1990). Juror sensitivity to eyewitness
identification evidence. Law and
Human Behavior, 14, 185-191.
Cutler, B.L., Penrod, S.D., & Stuve, T.E. (1988). Juror decision making in eyewitness identification
cases. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 41-55.
Lindsay, R. C. L. (1994).
Expectations of eyewitness performance. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read, &
M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and
developments, pp 362-384. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Lindsay, R.C.L., & Wells, G.L. (1980). What price justice?
Exploring the relationship of lineup fairness to identification
accuracy. Law and Human Behaviour,
4, 303-313.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Wells, G.L., & O'Connor, F.J. (1989). Mock-juror belief of accurate and inaccurate
eyewitnesses: A replication and
extension. Law and Human Behavior,
13, 333-339.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Wells, G.L., & Rumpel, C.M. (1981). Can people detect eyewitness identification
accuracy within and across situations? Journal
of Applied Psychology, 66, 79-89.
McAllister, H.A., & Bregman, N.J. (1986). Juror underutilization of eyewitness nonidentifications:
Theoretical and practical implications.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 168-170.
Sanders, G.S., Gansler, D.A., & Relsman, S. Jr. (1989). The effects of hypnosis on eyewitness
testimony and reactions to cross-examination.
American Journal of Applied Psychology, 7, 33-60.
Sanders, G.S., & Warnick, D.H. (1982). Evaluating identificatin evidence from multiple
eyewitnesses. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 12, 182-368.
Wells, G.L. (1982). How adequate
is human intuition for judging eyewitness testimony? In Wells, & Loftus (Eds.). Eyewitness Testimony:
Psychological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.
Wells, G.L., Ferguson, T.J., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1981). The tractability of eyewitness confidence
and its implications for triers of fact. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,
688-696.
Wells, G.L., & Leippe, M.R. (1981).
How do triers of fact infer the accuracy of eyewitness identifications?
Using memory for peripheral detail can be misleading. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66, 682-687.
Wells, G.L. & Murray, D.M. (1983).
What can psychology say about the Neil vs. Biggers criteria for judging
eyewitness accuracy? Journal of
Applied Psychology, 68, 347-362.
Whitley, B.E. Jr. (1987). The
effects of discredited eyewitness testimony: A meta-analysis. Journal of Social Psychology, 127,
209-214.
Whitley, B. E. Jr., & Greenberg, M.S. (1986). The role of eyewitness confidence in juror
perceptions of credibility. Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 16, 387-409.
List 22. Credibility of Children as Witnesses
Dent, H.R. (1986). An
experimental study of the effectiveness of different techniques of questioning
mentally handicapped child witnesses. British
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 13-17.
Gabora, N.J., Spanos, N. P., & Joab, A. (1993). The effects of complainant age and expert
psychological testimony in a simulated child sexual abuse trial. Law and Human Behavior, 17,
103-119.
Goodman, G.S. (1984). The child
witness: An introduction. Journal of
Social Issues, 40, (2), 9-31.
Goodman, G.S., Golding, J.M., & Haith, M. M. (1984). Jurors' reactions to child witnesses. Journal of Social Issues, 40,
(2), 139-156.
Goodman, G. S., Golding, J.M., Helgeson, V.S., Haith, M. M. &
Michelli, J. (1984). Jurors' reactions
to child witnesses. Law and Human
Behavior, 11, 27-40.
Leippe, M.R., Manion, A.P., & Romanczyk, A. (1992). Eyewitness persuasion: How and how well do
fact finders judge the accuracy of adults' and children's memory reports? Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 181-197.
Leippe, M. R., & Romanczyk, A. (1989). Reactions to child (versus adult) eyewitnesses: The influence of
jurors' perceptions and witness behavior.
Law and Human Behavior, 13, 103-132.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Ross, D.F., Lea, J.A., & Carr, C. (1995). What's fair when a child testifies? Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
25, 870-888.
Ross, D.F., Hopkins, S., Hanson, E., Lindsay, R.C.L., Hazen, K. &
Eslinger, T. (1994). The impact of
protective shields and videotape testimony on conviction rates in trials of
child sexual abuse. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 553-566.
Varendonck, J. (1911/1984). The
testimony of children in a famous trial.
Translation published as an appendix to a paper by G. S. Goodman, Journal
of Social Issues, 40, (2), 26-31.
Walker, A.G. (1993). Questioning
young children in court: A linguistic case study. Law and Human Behavior,
17, 59-81.
Whipple, G.M. (1912). Psychology
of testimony and report.Psychological Bulletin, 9, 264-269.
Whipple, G.M. (1911). The
psychology of testimony. Psychological
Bulletin, 8, 307-309.
Whipple, G. M. (1913). Psychology of testimony and report. Psychological Bulletin, 10,
264-268.
List 23. Expert Testimony: Legal and Ethical Issues
* Also see Special Issue of Law and Human Behavior, 1986. *
Brigham, J. & Bothwell, R. (1983).
The ability of prospective jurors to estimate the accuracy of eyewitness
identifications. Law and Human
Behavior, 7, 19-30.
Deffenbacher, K. & Loftus, E. (1982). Do jurors share a common understanding concerning eyewitness
behavior? Law and Human Behavior,
6, 15-30.
Fontenelle, G.A., Phillips, A.P., & Lane, D.M. (1985). Generalizing across stimuli as well as
subjects: A neglected aspect of external validity. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 70, 101-107.
Lindsay, R. C. L. (1994).
Expectations of eyewitness performance. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read, &
M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and
developments, pp 362-384. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Lindsay, R.C.L., MacDonald, P., & McGarry, S. (1990). Perspectives on the role of the eyewitness
expert. Behavioral Sciences &
the Law, 8, 457-464.
O'Rourke, T.E., Penrod, S.D., Cutler, B.L., & Stuve, T.E.
(1989). The external validity of
eyewitness identification research: Generalizing across subject
populations. Law and Human Behaviour,
13, 385-395.
Rahaim G. L., & Brodsky, S. L. (1982). Empirical evidence versus common sense: Juror and lawyer knowledge of eyewitnes accuracy. Law & Psychology Review, 7,
1-15.
Thomson, D.M. (1988). Eyewitness
identification: Can jurors assess its accuracy. In M. M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical
aspects of memory: Current research and issues: Vol. 1. Memory in everyday life
(pp. 175-181). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Wells, G. L. (1984). How
adequate is human intuition for judging eyewitness testimony? In G. L. Wells & E. F Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness
testimony: Psychological perspectives (pp. 256-272). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wells, G. L., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1983). How do people infer the accuracy of eyewitness memory? Studies of performance and metamemory
analysis. In S. M. A. Lloyd-Bostock and
B. R. Clifford (Eds.). Evaluating
witness evidence: Recent psychological research and new perspectives (pp.
41-55). London: Wiley & Sons.
Yarmey, A.D., & Jones, H.P.T. (1983). Is the psychology of eyewitness identification a matter of common
sense? In S. M. A. Lloyd-Bostock &
B. R. Clifford (Eds.), Evaluating witness evidence: Recent psychological
research and new perspectives (pp. 13-40). Chichester: John WIley & Sons.
List 24. Impact of Expert Testimony
* Also See Special Issue of Law and Human Behavior, 1986. *
Brekke, N.J., Enko, P.J., Clavet, G., & Seelau, E. (1991). Of juries and court-appointed experts: The
impact of nonadversarial versus adversarial expert testimony. Law and Human
Behavior, 15, 451-475.
Brigham, J. C. (1989). Disputed
eyewitness identifications: Can experts help? The Champion, 8,
10-18.
Cutler, B.L., Dexter, H.R., & Penrod, S.D. (1989). Expert testimony and jury decision making:
An empirical analysis. Behavioral
Sciences & the Law, 7, 215-225.
Egeth, H.E. & McCloskey, M. (1984).
Expert testimony about eyewitness behavior: Is it safe and effective? in
G. L. Wells & E. F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness testimony: Psychological
perspectives (pp. 283-303).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fox, S. G., & Walters, H.A. (1986).
The impact of general versus specific expert testimony and eyewitness
confidence upon mock juror judgment. Law
and Human Behavior, 10, 215-228.
Goodman, J., & Loftus, E.F. (1988).
The relevance of expert testimony on eyewitness memory. Journal of
Interpersonal Violence, 3, 115-121.
Goodrich, G. H. (1975). Should
experts be allowed to testify concerning eyewitness testimony in criminal
cases? Judges' Journal, 14, 70-71.
Graham, E. S., & Kabacy, R. E. (1990). Expert testimony by psychologists: Novel scientific
evidence. Law and Psychology Review,
14, 71-85.
Hosch, H.M., Beck, E.L., & McIntyre, P. (1980). Influence of expert testimony regarding
eyewitness accuracy on jury decisions. Law
and Human Behavior, 4, 287-296.
Lane, M. J. (1984). Eyewitness
identification: Should psychologists be permitted to address the jury? Journal
of Criminal Law & Criminology 75, 1321-1365.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Macdonald, P., & McGarry, S. (1990). Perspectives on the role of the eyewitness
expert. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 8, 457-464.
Loftus, E.F. (1980). Impact of
expert psychological testimony on the unreliability of eyewitness
identification. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 65, 9-15.
Loftus, E.F. (1983). Silence is
not golden. American Psychologist,
38, 564-572.
Loftus, E.F. (1983). Whose
shadow is crooked? American
Psychologist, 38, 576-577.
Loftus, E.F. (1984). Expert
testimony on the eyewitness. In G. L. Wells & E. F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness
testimony: Psychological perspectives (pp. 273-282). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Loftus, E.F. & Monahan, J. (1980).
Trial by data: Psychological
research as legal evidence. American
Psychologist, 35, 270-283.
Maass, A., Brigham, J. C., & West, S. G. (1985). Testifying on eyewitness reliability: Expert
advice is not always persuasive. Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 207-229.
McCloskey, M. & Egeth, H. (1983).
A time to speak, or a time to keep silence? American Psychologist, 38, 573-575.
McCloskey, M. & Egeth, H. (1983).
Eyewitness identification: What
can a psychologist tell a jury? American
Psychologist, 38, 550-563.
Raitz, A., Greene, E., Goodman, J., & Loftus, E.F. (1990). Determining damages: The influence of expert
testimony on jurors' decision making. Law
and Human Behavior, 14, 385-395.
Spanos, N. P., Gwynn, M. I., & Terrade, K. (1989). Effects on mock jurors of experts favorable
and unfavorable toward hypnotically elicited eyewitness testimony. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74,
922-926.
Suggs, D.L. (1979). The use of psychological
research by the judiciary: Do the
courts adequately assess the validity of research? Law and Human Behavior,
3, 135-148.
Wells, G. L. (1984). A
reanalysis of the expert testimony issue.
In G. L. Wells & E. F. Loftus (Eds.), Eyewitness testimony:
Psychological perspectives (pp. 304-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Wells, G., Lindsay, R. & Tousignant, J. (1980). Effects of expert psychological advice on
human performance in judging the validity of eyewitness testimony. Law & Human Behavior, 4,
275-285.
List 25. Methodological Issues in Jury Simulation
Studies
See also special issue of Law and Human Behavior, 1979.
Bermant, G., McGuire, M., McKinley, W., & Salo, S. (1974). The logic of simulation in jury
research. Criminal Justice and
Behavior, 1, 224-232.
Bray, R. & Kerr, N.L. (1979).
Use of the simulation method in the study of jury behavior: Some
methodological considerations. Law and Human Behavior, 3,
107-119.
Diamond, S. S. (1979).
Simulation: Does the microscope lens distort? Law and Human Behavior,
3, 1-4.
Diamond,
S. S. (1997). Illuminations and shadows from jury simulations. Law and Human
Behavior, 21(5), 561-571.
Fontenelle, G.A., Phillips, A.P., & Lane, D.M. (1985). Generalizing across stimuli as well as subjects:
A neglected aspect of external validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70,
101-107.
Gerbasi, K.C., Zuckerman, M., & Reis, H.T. (1977). Justice needs a new blindfold: A review of
mock jury research. Psychological
Bulletin, 84, 323-345.
Kramer, G.P., & Kerr, N.L. (1989).
Laboratory simulation and bias in the study of juror behavior: A
methodological note. Law and Human Behavior, 13, 89-99.
Vidmar, N. (1979). The other
issues in jury simulation research: A
commentary with particular reference to defendant character studies. Law and Human Behavior. 3, 95-106.
Visher, C.A. (1987). Juror
decision making: The importance of evidence. Law and Human Behavior, 11,
1-17.
Weiten, W. & Diamond, S. (1979).
A critical review of the jury simulation paradigm: The case of defendant characteristics. Law and Human Behavior, 3,
71-94.
Wilson, D.W., & Donnerstein, E. (1977). Guilty or not guilty? A
look at the "simulated" jury paradigm. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 7, 175-190.
Topic 1. Suggestibility of Human Memory for Events
Lindsay, R. C. L. (1994, March). Explaining the Post-Event Misinformation Effect:
Paper presented at American
Psychology-Law Society, Santa Fe, NM.
Topic 2. Repressed/False Memories
Poole,
D. A., Lindsay, D. S., Memon, A., & Bull, R. (1995). Psychotherapy and the
recovery of memories of childhood sexual abuse: U.S. and British practitioners'
opinions, practices, and experiences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 63(3), 426-437.
Topic 3. Question Style
Loftus, E.F. (1975) Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive
Psychology, 7, 560-672.
Read, J., Barnsley, R., Ankers, K. & Wishaw, I. (1978). Variations in severity of verbs and
eyewitnesses' testimony: An alternative interpretation. Perceptual and Motor Skills,
46, 795-800.
Topic 4. Hypnosis and
Eyewitness Memory
Sanders, G. & Simmons, W. (1983).
Use of hypnosis to enhance eyewitness accuracy: Does it work? Journal of Applied Psychology, 68,
70-77.
Yuille, J. & McEwan, N. (1985).
Use of hypnosis as an aid to eyewitness memory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70,
389-400.
Topic 5. Cognitive
Interview
Kohnken, G., Milne, R.,
Memon, A., & Bull, R. (1999). The cognitive interview: A meta-analysis. Psychology,
Crime, & Law, 5, 3-27.
Topic 6. Criteria-Based Content Analysis
Ruby,
C. L., & Brigham, J. C. (1997). The usefulness of the criteria-based
content analysis technique in distinguishing between truthful and fabricated
allegations: A critical review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 3,
705-737.
Topic 7. Finding Suspects with Descriptions
Lindsay, R.C.L., Nosworthy, G.J., Martin, R.R., & Martynuck, C.
(1994). Finding suspects in mugshots. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 79, 121-130.
Wells, G. L. (1985). Verbal
descriptions of faces from memory: Are they diagnositc of identification
accuracy? Journal of Applied
Psychology, 70, 619-626.
Topic 8. Finding Suspects with Mugshots
Lindsay, R.C.L., Nosworthy, G.J., Martin, R.R., & Martynuck, C. (1994). Using mugshots to find suspects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79,
121-130.
Pryke, S., Lindsay, R. C.
L., & Pozzulo, J. D. (1999). Sorting mug shots: Methodological issues. Applied
Cognitive Psychology, in press.
Topic 9. Finding Suspects with Composite Faces
Kovera,
M. B., Penrod, S. D., Pappas, C., & Thill, D. L. (1997). Identification of
computer-generated facial composites. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82,
235-246.
Topic 10. Theory of Lineup Identification
Wells, G.L. (1993). What do we know about eyewitness identification? American
Psychologist, 48, 553-571.
Topic 11. Lineup
Biases
Lindsay, R.C.L. & Wells, G.L. (1980). What price justice? Exploring the relationship of lineup
fairness to identification accuracy. Law
& Human Behavior, 4,
303-313.
Loftus, E.F. (1976). Unconscious
transference in eyewitness identification. Law and Psychology Review, 2,
93-98.
Nosworthy, G.J. & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1990). Does nominal lineup size matter? Journal of Applied Psychology,
75, 358-361.
12. Measuring
Lineup Fairness
Brigham, J. C. & Brandt, C. C. (1992). Measuring lineup fairness:
Mock witness responses vs. direct evaluations of lineups. Law and Human
Behavior, 16, 475-489.
Lindsay, R. C. L., Smith, S. M., & Pryke, S. (1999). Measures of
lineup fairness: Do they postdict identification accuracy? Applied Cognitive
Psychology, in press.
Topic 13. Improving Identification from Lineups
Lindsay, R. C. L., &
Bellinger, K. (1999). Alternatives to the sequential lineup: The importance of
controlling the pictures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84,
315-321.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Lea, J.A., Nosworthy, G.J., Fulford, J.A., Hector, J.,
LeVan, V., & Seabrook, C. (1991). Biased lineups: Sequential presentation
reduces the problem. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 796-802.
Topic 14. Eyewitness Memory for Faces: In General
Shapiro, P. N., & Penrod, S. (1986). A meta-analysis of facial
identification studies. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 139-156.
Topic 15. Cross-Race Eyewitness Identification
Ng, W. J., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (1994). Cross-race facial recognition:
Failure of the contact hypothesis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
25, 217-232.
Topic 16. Age: Memory Abilities of Children
Leippe, M. R., Romanczyk, A., & Manion, A.P. (1991). Eyewitness memory for a touching experience:
Accuracy differences between child and adult witnesses. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76,
367-379.
Pozzulo, J. D. & Lindsay, R. C. L. (1998).
Identification accuracy of children versus adults: A meta-analysis. Law and
Human Behavior, 22, 549-570.
Topic 17. Arousal and Facial Memory
Maass, A., & Kohnken, G. (1989).
Eyewitness identification: Simulating the "weapon
effect". Law and Human Behavior,
13, 397-408.
Steblay, N. M. (1992). A
meta-analytic review of the weapon focus effect. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 413-424.
Topic 18. Confidence and Accuracy
Bothwell, R., Deffenbacher, K., & Brigham, J. (1987). Correlation of eyewitness accuracy &
confidence: Optimality hypothesis revisited.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 691-695.
Lindsay, R.C.L. (1986).
Confidence and accuracy of eyewitness identification from lineups. Law and Human Behavior, 10,
229-239.
Topic 19. Generalizability of
Eyewitness Memory Research
Lindsay, R.C.L., & Harvie, V. (1988). Hits, false alarms, correct and mistaken identifications; The
effects of method of data collection on facial memory. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R.N.
Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues: Vol.
1. Memory in everyday life, (pp. 47-52).
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Murray, D.M. & Wells, G.L. (1982).
Does knowledge that a crime was staged affect eyewitness performance? Journal
of Applied Social Psychology, 12, 42-53.
Yuille, J. C., & Cutshall, J. L. (1986). A case study of eyewitness memory of a crime. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 71, 291-301.
Topic 20. LAY KNOWLEDGE OF EYEWITNESS
ISSUES
Brigham, J.C. & Bothwell, R.K. (1983). The ability of prospective
jurors to estimate the accuracy of eyewitness identifications. Law and Human
Behavior, 7, 19-30.
Lindsay, R. C. L. (1994). Expectations of eyewitness performance:
Jurors’ verdicts do not follow from their beliefs. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read,
& M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony. Cambridge University
Press: New York.
Topic 21. Belief of
Eyewitness Testimony
Cutler, B.L., Penrod, S.D., & Stuve, T.E. (1988). Juror decision making in eyewitness
identification cases. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 41-55.
Lindsay, R. C. L. (1994).
Expectations of eyewitness performance. In D. F. Ross, J. D. Read, &
M. P. Toglia (Eds), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and
developments, pp 362-384. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Wells, G.L., & O'Connor, F.J. (1989). Mock-juror belief of accurate and inaccurate
eyewitnesses: A replication and
extension. Law and Human Behavior,
13, 333-339.
Topic 22. Credibility of
Children as Witnesses
Leippe, M.R., Manion, A.P., & Romanczyk, A. (1992). Eyewitness persuasion: How and how well do
fact finders judge the accuracy of adults' and children's memory reports? Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 181-197.
Lindsay, R.C.L., Ross, D.F., Lea, J.A., & Carr, C. (1995). What's fair when a child testifies? Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
25, 870-888.
Topic 23. Expert Testimony:
Legal and Ethical Issues
Lindsay, R.C.L., MacDonald, P., & McGarry, S. (1990). Perspectives on the role of the eyewitness
expert. Behavioral Sciences &
the Law, 8, 457-464.
Topic 24. Impact
of Expert Testimony
Fox, S. G., & Walters, H.A. (1986).
The impact of general versus specific expert testimony and eyewitness
confidence upon mock juror judgment. Law
and Human Behavior, 10, 215-228.
Wells, G., Lindsay, R. & Tousignant, J. (1980). Effects of expert psychological advice on
human performance in judging the validity of eyewitness testimony. Law & Human Behavior, 4,
275-285.
Topic 25. Methodological Issues in
Jury Simulation Studies
Bray, R. & Kerr, N.L. (1979).
Use of the simulation method in the study of jury behavior: Some
methodological considerations. Law and Human Behavior, 3,
107-119.